Conformance coverage matrix

Auto-generated. Edit tests/conformance/_surface_inventory.py to add surface items, then run make coverage-matrix to regenerate this document. The CI gate (--check) refuses to merge a PR whose committed matrix has drifted from the inventory or the corpus.

• Inventory: 413 surface items across 20 categories (10 flagged non-deterministic — excluded from the corpus by ADR 0022, tracked under Excluded (non-deterministic))
• Corpus: 1170 fixtures under tests/conformance/sql_corpus/

What this measures

Each row in the per-category tables below is one BigQuery surface item (a function, a statement form, a wire-format shape, an error reason). The Count column is the number of fixtures in the conformance corpus that exercise the item, via a static regex match against the fixture's SQL + setup_rest + expected.json. The Tier column places the item in a depth bucket:

• 🔴 Uncovered -- 0 fixtures touch this surface.
• 🟡 Sampled -- 1 to 2 fixtures.
• 🟢 Covered -- 3 to 5 fixtures.
• 🟢🟢 Deep -- >= 6 fixtures.

Detection is coarse: a fixture matches an item if its text contains the detector pattern, irrespective of whether the item is the fixture's primary surface. A fixture authored to exercise REGEXP_EXTRACT will likely also count under SELECT and STRING -- depth measures broad exposure, not test-purpose isolation.

Summary

Tier counts below exclude the 10 surface items flagged as non-deterministic (RAND, CURRENT_DATE / CURRENT_DATETIME / CURRENT_TIME / CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, SESSION_USER, GENERATE_UUID, TABLESAMPLE, FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF). Those items are permanently excluded from the corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7 and are tracked separately under Excluded (non-deterministic).

Tier	Count	Share
🔴 Uncovered	1	0.2%
🟡 Sampled	235	58.3%
🟢 Covered	69	17.1%
🟢🟢 Deep	98	24.3%
Total	403	100.0%

Excluded (non-deterministic — see ADR 0022)

These surface items are permanently outside the conformance corpus because their output cannot be reproduced fixture-to-fixture (wall-clock, RNG, session state, or random sampling). They are exercised in adjacent test tiers — see the per-item notes for the canonical location.

Category	Item	Why excluded
Query language	FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF (time travel)	Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §7 — the relative-timestamp form depends on wall-clock state. Dynamic time-travel is exercised at the integration tier (tests/integration/test_time_travel.py).
Query language	TABLESAMPLE	Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 — TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM is non-deterministic (random sampling). Shape-only coverage lives in unit / integration tiers.
Numeric / math functions	RAND	Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 — RAND() is non-deterministic. The function is property-tested via Hypothesis (uniformity, range bounds).
Date / time / timestamp / datetime functions	CURRENT_DATE	Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7 — wall-clock dependent. Static-date queries are exercised indirectly via DATE_ADD/DATE_SUB fixtures.
Date / time / timestamp / datetime functions	CURRENT_DATETIME	Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7 — wall-clock dependent.
Date / time / timestamp / datetime functions	CURRENT_TIME	Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7 — wall-clock dependent.
Date / time / timestamp / datetime functions	CURRENT_TIMESTAMP	Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7 — wall-clock dependent. The function is exercised in unit / integration tiers where the harness pins time.
Hash / security functions	SESSION_USER	Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 — session-state dependent. Exercised at the unit, integration, and e2e × 4 client tiers (ADR 0038); Storage Read row_restriction caller-threading closed in ADR 0040.
Hash / security functions	CURRENT_USER	Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 — co-equal alias for SESSION_USER per BigQuery's reference. Exercised at the unit and e2e × 4 client tiers; same resolution path as SESSION_USER (ADR 0040).
Hash / security functions	GENERATE_UUID	Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 — non-deterministic. Property-tested via Hypothesis for shape / uniqueness.

Variation depth — broad-but-shallow surfaces

These surfaces have at least 3 fixtures, but every fixture sits in the happy path — the variation taxonomy collapses to {happy_path}. They look covered by fixture count, but the typical BigQuery-vs-DuckDB divergence (NULL propagation, empty inputs, ±Inf / NaN, timezone arithmetic, Unicode case-folding, error-shape parity) lives in scenarios a happy-path-only sweep reliably misses. Add edge-case fixtures targeting these scenarios to close the gap. The taxonomy lives in tests/conformance/_corpus.py and is locked by ADR 0022 §"Variation taxonomy".

Category	Item	Fixtures	Variation	BQ docs
GEOGRAPHY functions	ST_ASTEXT	17	happy×17	BQ ref
GEOGRAPHY functions	ST_NPOINTS	7	happy×7	BQ ref
Aggregate functions	GROUPING	6	happy×6	BQ ref
GEOGRAPHY functions	ST_DIMENSION	6	happy×6	BQ ref
Query language	_TABLE_SUFFIX pseudo-column	6	happy×6	BQ ref
Aggregate functions	HLL_COUNT.INIT	4	happy×4	BQ ref
GEOGRAPHY functions	ST_BUFFER	4	happy×4	BQ ref
Query language	Partition pruning (WHERE on partition col)	4	happy×4	BQ ref
Data Definition (DDL)	DROP VIEW	3	happy×3	BQ ref
Date / time / timestamp / datetime functions	DATE	3	happy×3	BQ ref
Date / time / timestamp / datetime functions	GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY	3	happy×3	BQ ref
GEOGRAPHY functions	ST_INTERSECTS	3	happy×3	BQ ref
INFORMATION_SCHEMA virtual views	INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS	3	happy×3	BQ ref
INFORMATION_SCHEMA virtual views	INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES	3	happy×3	BQ ref
INFORMATION_SCHEMA virtual views	INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_OPTIONS	3	happy×3	BQ ref
JSON functions	JSON_EXTRACT	3	happy×3	BQ ref
JSON functions	JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR	3	happy×3	BQ ref
Query language	INTERSECT	3	happy×3	BQ ref
REST / wire-format response shapes	ARRAY queryParameter	3	happy×3	BQ ref
String functions	REGEXP_SUBSTR	3	happy×3	BQ ref
String functions	REPEAT	3	happy×3	BQ ref

Gaps -- top 30 0-fixture surface items

The fastest single-session improvements come from these uncovered cells. Each is a candidate fixture-authoring target.

Category	Item	BQ docs
GEOGRAPHY functions	ST_CLUSTERDBSCAN	BQ ref

Per-category coverage

Data Manipulation (DML)

BigQuery reference -- 7 / 7 items covered

BigQuery's DML statements. Coverage must include happy-path + rows-affected reporting + interaction with row-access policies (per ADR 0018) and time-travel snapshots (per ADR 0016).

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
INSERT … VALUES	355	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×289 / null×41 / empty×6 / bound×9 / error×13	api_configuration/default_dataset_insert_unqualified, api_configuration/default_dataset_join_partial_qualification, api_configuration/default_dataset_select_table, api_configuration/dest_clustering_fields_basic, api_configuration/dest_clustering_fields_invalid_column, … (+350 more)
INSERT … SELECT	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	api_configuration/dml_insert_select, rest_crud/dml_insert_select
UPDATE	22	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×16 / null×3 / empty×1 / error×3	api_configuration/dml_merge_basic, api_configuration/dml_merge_when_matched, api_configuration/dml_update_multi_row, api_configuration/dml_update_single_row, api_configuration/dml_update_with_where, … (+17 more)
UPDATE … FROM	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	rest_crud/dml_update_from_cte, rest_crud/dml_update_subquery
DELETE	11	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×9 / null×1 / empty×1	api_configuration/dml_delete_multi_row, api_configuration/dml_delete_single_row, api_configuration/dml_delete_with_where, rest_crud/dml_delete, rest_crud/dml_delete_all, … (+6 more)
MERGE	10	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×8 / null×1 / empty×1	api_configuration/dml_merge_basic, api_configuration/dml_merge_when_matched, api_configuration/dml_merge_when_not_matched, rest_crud/dml_merge, rest_crud/dml_merge_delete_branch, … (+5 more)
TRUNCATE TABLE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	rest_crud/dml_truncate_select

Data Definition (DDL)

BigQuery reference -- 20 / 20 items covered

Schema-mutating DDL. Each form has wire-format implications (REST tables.insert / tables.patch / tables.delete) — coverage should pair the SQL form with the REST equivalent where BQ publishes both.

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
CREATE TABLE	449	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×356 / null×46 / empty×27 / bound×11 / error×15	api_configuration/default_dataset_insert_unqualified, api_configuration/default_dataset_join_partial_qualification, api_configuration/default_dataset_select_table, api_configuration/dest_clustering_fields_basic, api_configuration/dest_clustering_fields_invalid_column, … (+444 more)
CREATE TABLE … AS SELECT (CTAS)	72	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×66 / null×4 / empty×1 / bound×1 / error×1	partitioning_clustering/cluster_basic, partitioning_clustering/cluster_filtered, partitioning_clustering/partition_basic, partitioning_clustering/partition_hour_basic, partitioning_clustering/partition_hour_pruned, … (+67 more)
CREATE TABLE … (schema) AS SELECT (combined)	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	rest_crud/ctas_with_schema_clause
				Combined form requires the CTAS-with-schema rewriter (closed 2026-05-18).
CREATE VIEW	11	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×9 / null×1 / empty×1	information_schema/is_tables_filter_by_type, information_schema/is_views_basic, information_schema/is_views_with_definition, rest_crud/ddl_create_view_empty_source, rest_crud/ddl_create_view_null_column, … (+6 more)
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW	8	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×6 / null×1 / empty×1	versioning/mv_basic, versioning/mv_drop_and_recreate, versioning/mv_empty_source, versioning/mv_null_aggregation, versioning/mv_refresh_after_dml, … (+3 more)
REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW / CALL BQ.REFRESH_MATERIALIZED_VIEW	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	versioning/mv_refresh_after_dml
CREATE SNAPSHOT TABLE	8	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×6 / null×1 / empty×1	versioning/snapshot_after_dml, versioning/snapshot_aggregate, versioning/snapshot_basic, versioning/snapshot_drop_recreate, versioning/snapshot_empty_source, … (+3 more)
CREATE TABLE … CLONE	8	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×6 / null×1 / empty×1	versioning/clone_after_source_dml, versioning/clone_aggregate, versioning/clone_basic, versioning/clone_diverges_after_insert, versioning/clone_empty_source, … (+3 more)
DROP TABLE	1	🟡 Sampled	error×1	rest_crud/error_drop_nonexistent_table
DROP VIEW	3	🟢 Covered	happy×3	rest_crud/ddl_drop_view_basic, rest_crud/ddl_drop_view_if_exists, rest_crud/ddl_drop_view_recreate
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	versioning/mv_drop_and_recreate
DROP SNAPSHOT TABLE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	versioning/snapshot_drop_recreate
ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN	1	🟡 Sampled	error×1	rest_crud/error_alter_nonexistent_table
ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN	5	🟢 Covered	happy×3 / null×1 / empty×1	rest_crud/ddl_alter_drop_column_empty_table, rest_crud/ddl_alter_drop_column_null_data, rest_crud/ddl_alter_table_drop_column_basic, rest_crud/ddl_alter_table_drop_column_multiple, rest_crud/ddl_alter_table_drop_column_with_data
ALTER TABLE RENAME	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	rest_crud/ddl_alter_table_rename_basic, rest_crud/ddl_alter_table_rename_query_after
CREATE FUNCTION (SQL UDF)	16	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×13 / null×1 / empty×1 / error×1	routines_scripting/js_udf_array_to_array, routines_scripting/js_udf_in_group_by, routines_scripting/js_udf_int_to_int, routines_scripting/js_udf_json_roundtrip, routines_scripting/js_udf_nested_in_sql_udf, … (+11 more)
CREATE FUNCTION (JS UDF)	12	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×9 / null×1 / empty×1 / error×1	routines_scripting/js_udf_array_to_array, routines_scripting/js_udf_in_group_by, routines_scripting/js_udf_int_to_int, routines_scripting/js_udf_json_roundtrip, routines_scripting/js_udf_nested_in_sql_udf, … (+7 more)
CREATE TABLE FUNCTION (TVF)	7	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×5 / null×1 / empty×1	routines_scripting/tvf_aggregate_over, routines_scripting/tvf_chained, routines_scripting/tvf_create_and_select, routines_scripting/tvf_empty_output, routines_scripting/tvf_returns_struct_column, … (+2 more)
CREATE PROCEDURE	9	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×5 / null×2 / empty×2	routines_scripting/proc_basic, routines_scripting/proc_call_empty_string, routines_scripting/proc_call_in_script, routines_scripting/proc_call_null_arg, routines_scripting/proc_with_empty_body, … (+4 more)
CREATE ROW ACCESS POLICY (REST)	20	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×19 / error×1	row_access/authz_view_aggregation_through_bypass, row_access/authz_view_bypasses_rap, row_access/authz_view_chained, row_access/authz_view_join_two_authorized_bases, row_access/authz_view_with_where_pushdown, … (+15 more)
				Setup happens via setup_rest.json POST, not SQL.

Query language

BigQuery reference -- 30 / 30 items covered

Composite SELECT shapes (joins, set ops, subqueries, window functions). Coverage depth here drives confidence that the translator handles real-world analytical queries.

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
SELECT	1155	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×845 / null×109 / empty×62 / bound×49 / unicode×40 / error×43 / tz×20	api_configuration/cache_disabled_with_count_distinct, api_configuration/cache_disabled_with_join, api_configuration/create_never_missing_destination, api_configuration/create_never_with_append, api_configuration/create_never_with_truncate, … (+1150 more)
WHERE	193	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×165 / null×22 / empty×3 / bound×1 / error×2	api_configuration/dml_delete_multi_row, api_configuration/dml_delete_single_row, api_configuration/dml_delete_with_where, api_configuration/dml_update_multi_row, api_configuration/dml_update_single_row, … (+188 more)
GROUP BY	123	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×98 / null×21 / empty×2 / bound×2	api_configuration/default_dataset_join_partial_qualification, api_configuration/dry_run_aggregate, partitioning_clustering/cluster_basic, partitioning_clustering/wildcard_aggregate, partitioning_clustering/wildcard_count_per_table, … (+118 more)
HAVING	16	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×12 / null×3 / empty×1	rest_crud/select_group_having, rest_crud/subquery_in, standard_functions/rw_having_count, standard_functions/rw_having_empty_after_filter, standard_functions/rw_having_null_group, … (+11 more)
QUALIFY	5	🟢 Covered	happy×4 / null×1	standard_functions/rw_qualify_basic, standard_functions/rw_qualify_top_n, standard_functions/tpcds_q14, standard_functions/tpcds_q16, standard_functions/tpcds_q73
ORDER BY	313	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×263 / null×35 / empty×9 / bound×3 / error×3	api_configuration/cache_disabled_with_join, api_configuration/default_dataset_join_partial_qualification, api_configuration/default_dataset_select_table, api_configuration/dry_run_aggregate, api_configuration/positional_array_int64, … (+308 more)
LIMIT	80	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×62 / null×15 / empty×4	partitioning_clustering/wildcard_join_self, rest_crud/select_limit, rest_crud/select_limit_offset, standard_functions/agg_array_agg_ordered, standard_functions/agg_percentile_cont_50, … (+75 more)
OFFSET	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	rest_crud/select_limit_offset
SELECT DISTINCT	15	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×13 / empty×1 / bound×1	rest_crud/select_distinct, standard_functions/distinct_empty, standard_functions/rw_array_subquery, standard_functions/rw_correlated_subquery_max, standard_functions/rw_join_anti, … (+10 more)
UNION ALL	85	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×80 / null×4 / empty×1	api_configuration/cache_disabled_with_join, api_configuration/dml_merge_basic, api_configuration/dml_merge_when_matched, api_configuration/dml_merge_when_not_matched, api_configuration/dry_run_aggregate, … (+80 more)
UNION DISTINCT	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	rest_crud/set_union_distinct
INTERSECT	3	🟢 Covered	happy×3	rest_crud/set_intersect, standard_functions/tpcds_q14, standard_functions/tpcds_q38
EXCEPT	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	rest_crud/set_except, standard_functions/tpcds_q87
INNER JOIN	66	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×52 / null×11 / empty×1 / bound×1 / error×1	api_configuration/cache_disabled_with_join, api_configuration/default_dataset_join_partial_qualification, api_configuration/job_timeout_exceeded, api_configuration/max_bytes_billed_exceeded, api_configuration/priority_batch_with_join, … (+61 more)
LEFT JOIN	12	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×7 / null×4 / empty×1	rest_crud/join_left, rest_crud/join_right_three_way, standard_functions/rw_join_left_empty_right, standard_functions/rw_join_left_filtered, standard_functions/rw_join_left_null_key, … (+7 more)
RIGHT JOIN	3	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / null×1	rest_crud/join_right_basic, rest_crud/join_right_three_way, rest_crud/join_right_with_null
FULL OUTER JOIN	3	🟢 Covered	happy×1 / null×2	standard_functions/tpcds_q51, standard_functions/tpcds_q97, versioning/clone_join_with_source
CROSS JOIN	4	🟢 Covered	happy×3 / bound×1	api_configuration/job_timeout_exceeded, api_configuration/max_bytes_billed_exceeded, rest_crud/join_cross, standard_functions/tpcds_q28
UNNEST	27	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×19 / null×2 / empty×5 / bound×1	api_configuration/cache_disabled_with_count_distinct, api_configuration/dml_insert_select, api_configuration/job_timeout_exceeded, api_configuration/max_bytes_billed_exceeded, api_configuration/positional_array_int64, … (+22 more)
WITH (CTE)	29	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×18 / null×10 / empty×1	rest_crud/cte_basic, rest_crud/param_positional_in_join_predicate, standard_functions/cte_empty_first, standard_functions/rw_cte_correlated, standard_functions/rw_double_cte, … (+24 more)
WITH RECURSIVE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	routines_scripting/recursive_cte
Window functions (OVER)	47	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×38 / null×7 / empty×1 / error×1	rest_crud/win_dense_rank, rest_crud/win_lag, rest_crud/win_lead, rest_crud/win_partition_by, rest_crud/win_rank, … (+42 more)
CASE WHEN	27	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×12 / null×15	rest_crud/case_searched, standard_functions/rw_case_in_aggregate, standard_functions/tpcds_q2, standard_functions/tpcds_q21, standard_functions/tpcds_q31, … (+22 more)
EXISTS	10	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×8 / null×1 / empty×1	rest_crud/dml_delete_exists, rest_crud/subquery_exists, standard_functions/rw_exists_empty_subquery, standard_functions/rw_exists_subquery_with_null, standard_functions/rw_join_semi, … (+5 more)
IN (subquery)	20	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×16 / null×3 / empty×2	rest_crud/dml_update_subquery, rest_crud/subquery_in, routines_scripting/script_for_empty_array, routines_scripting/script_for_iterate_into_table, routines_scripting/script_for_iterate_select, … (+15 more)
Wildcard tables (prefix_*)	110	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×86 / null×9 / empty×14 / error×1	information_schema/is_partitions_empty_table, information_schema/is_views_empty_dataset, partitioning_clustering/cluster_basic, partitioning_clustering/partition_prune_integer_range, partitioning_clustering/partition_prune_partitiontime, … (+105 more)
_TABLE_SUFFIX pseudo-column	6	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×6	partitioning_clustering/wildcard_count_per_table, partitioning_clustering/wildcard_groupby_suffix, partitioning_clustering/wildcard_join_self, partitioning_clustering/wildcard_table_basic, partitioning_clustering/wildcard_table_suffix, … (+1 more)
Partition pruning (WHERE on partition col)	4	🟢 Covered	happy×4	information_schema/is_partitions_ingestion_time, partitioning_clustering/partition_prune_integer_range, partitioning_clustering/partition_prune_partitiondate, partitioning_clustering/partition_prune_partitiontime
FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF (time travel) (excluded — non-deterministic)	n/a	⚪ Excluded	n/a	see ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7
				Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §7 — the relative-timestamp form depends on wall-clock state. Dynamic time-travel is exercised at the integration tier (tests/integration/test_time_travel.py).
TABLESAMPLE (excluded — non-deterministic)	n/a	⚪ Excluded	n/a	see ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7
				Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 — TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM is non-deterministic (random sampling). Shape-only coverage lives in unit / integration tiers.
PIVOT	7	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×5 / null×2	standard_functions/rw_pivot_count_by_type, standard_functions/rw_pivot_sum_by_type, standard_functions/tpcds_q43, standard_functions/tpcds_q50, standard_functions/tpcds_q53, … (+2 more)
UNPIVOT	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/rw_unpivot_basic

Procedural scripting

BigQuery reference -- 14 / 14 items covered

Multi-statement scripting features — the interpreter at src/bqemulator/scripting/interpreter.py.

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
DECLARE	23	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×15 / null×5 / empty×2 / bound×1	api_configuration/session_declared_var_shared, routines_scripting/proc_call_empty_string, routines_scripting/proc_call_in_script, routines_scripting/proc_call_null_arg, routines_scripting/proc_with_inout_param, … (+18 more)
SET (script variable)	36	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×28 / null×5 / empty×3	api_configuration/dml_merge_basic, api_configuration/dml_merge_when_matched, api_configuration/dml_update_multi_row, api_configuration/dml_update_single_row, api_configuration/dml_update_with_where, … (+31 more)
IF / ELSEIF / ELSE	3	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / null×1	routines_scripting/script_for_null_in_array, routines_scripting/script_if_then, routines_scripting/script_loop_break
WHILE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	routines_scripting/script_while
LOOP	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	routines_scripting/script_loop_break
FOR (loop)	5	🟢 Covered	happy×3 / null×1 / empty×1	routines_scripting/script_for_empty_array, routines_scripting/script_for_iterate_into_table, routines_scripting/script_for_iterate_select, routines_scripting/script_for_iterate_with_aggregate, routines_scripting/script_for_null_in_array
BREAK / CONTINUE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	routines_scripting/script_loop_break
BEGIN … END (block)	14	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×8 / null×3 / empty×3	routines_scripting/proc_basic, routines_scripting/proc_call_empty_string, routines_scripting/proc_call_in_script, routines_scripting/proc_call_null_arg, routines_scripting/proc_with_empty_body, … (+9 more)
BEGIN … EXCEPTION WHEN ERROR	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	routines_scripting/script_exception_handler, routines_scripting/txn_in_exception_block
RAISE	1	🟡 Sampled	error×1	rest_crud/error_alter_nonexistent_table
CALL (procedure)	10	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×6 / null×2 / empty×2	routines_scripting/proc_basic, routines_scripting/proc_call_empty_string, routines_scripting/proc_call_in_script, routines_scripting/proc_call_null_arg, routines_scripting/proc_with_empty_body, … (+5 more)
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	routines_scripting/script_exception_handler, routines_scripting/txn_in_exception_block
RETURN	31	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×28 / null×2 / empty×1	routines_scripting/js_udf_array_to_array, routines_scripting/js_udf_in_group_by, routines_scripting/js_udf_int_to_int, routines_scripting/js_udf_json_roundtrip, routines_scripting/js_udf_nested_in_sql_udf, … (+26 more)
BEGIN TRANSACTION / COMMIT / ROLLBACK	5	🟢 Covered	happy×3 / null×1 / empty×1	routines_scripting/script_transaction_empty_body, routines_scripting/script_transaction_null_insert, routines_scripting/txn_begin_commit, routines_scripting/txn_begin_rollback, routines_scripting/txn_in_exception_block

Data types

BigQuery reference -- 17 / 17 items covered

Every BigQuery scalar + compound type. Coverage should exercise the type as a column type, in a literal, and through CAST.

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
INT64	441	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×324 / null×61 / empty×39 / bound×8 / error×19	api_configuration/default_dataset_insert_unqualified, api_configuration/default_dataset_join_partial_qualification, api_configuration/default_dataset_select_table, api_configuration/dest_clustering_fields_basic, api_configuration/dest_clustering_fields_invalid_column, … (+436 more)
FLOAT64	47	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×32 / null×8 / bound×7	information_schema/is_columns_partitioning_column, routines_scripting/js_udf_uses_math, standard_functions/agg_approx_count_distinct, standard_functions/agg_approx_quantiles, standard_functions/agg_approx_top_count, … (+42 more)
NUMERIC	222	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×192 / null×18 / empty×3 / bound×9	information_schema/is_tables_basic, partitioning_clustering/partition_basic, partitioning_clustering/partition_month_basic, partitioning_clustering/partition_month_pruned, partitioning_clustering/partition_pruned, … (+217 more)
BIGNUMERIC	3	🟢 Covered	bound×3	rest_crud/select_bignumeric_literal, standard_functions/bound_bignumeric_max, standard_functions/parse_bignumeric_basic
BOOL	5	🟢 Covered	happy×4 / null×1	api_configuration/positional_multi_param, information_schema/is_table_options_partition_filter, routines_scripting/js_udf_uses_regexp, standard_functions/json_value_bool_extractor, standard_functions/null_if_branch
STRING	590	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×451 / null×70 / empty×37 / bound×12 / unicode×12 / error×12 / tz×1	api_configuration/cache_disabled_with_join, api_configuration/default_dataset_insert_unqualified, api_configuration/default_dataset_join_partial_qualification, api_configuration/default_dataset_select_table, api_configuration/dest_clustering_fields_basic, … (+585 more)
BYTES	7	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×4 / error×3	rest_crud/select_bytes_literal, specialized_types/st_asbinary_point, standard_functions/error_concat_no_args, standard_functions/error_safe_cast_no_swallow_when_invalid_signature, standard_functions/error_substr_wrong_arity, … (+2 more)
DATE	187	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×156 / null×14 / empty×3 / bound×8 / error×4 / tz×2	api_configuration/dest_time_partitioning_basic, api_configuration/write_append_partitioned_destination, api_configuration/write_truncate_partitioned_destination, information_schema/is_columns_partitioning_column, information_schema/is_partitions_basic, … (+182 more)
TIME	41	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×31 / error×2 / tz×10	rest_crud/select_time_literal, standard_functions/dt_format_time_basic, standard_functions/dt_format_time_fractional, standard_functions/dt_time_add_basic, standard_functions/dt_time_add_wrap_midnight, … (+36 more)
DATETIME	23	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×19 / bound×2 / tz×2	rest_crud/select_datetime_literal, specialized_types/interval_arith_add, specialized_types/interval_arith_chain, specialized_types/interval_arith_sub, specialized_types/interval_compound_arith, … (+18 more)
TIMESTAMP	103	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×76 / null×3 / bound×5 / error×1 / tz×19	information_schema/is_tables_select_specific_columns, partitioning_clustering/partition_hour_basic, partitioning_clustering/partition_hour_pruned, partitioning_clustering/partition_prune_partitiontime, rest_crud/param_named_timestamp_scalar, … (+98 more)
INTERVAL	45	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×39 / null×4 / tz×2	specialized_types/extract_day_from_interval, specialized_types/extract_hour_from_interval, specialized_types/extract_year_from_interval, specialized_types/generate_range_array_date, specialized_types/interval_arith_add, … (+40 more)
RANGE<T>	26	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×19 / null×1 / empty×2 / bound×2 / error×2	specialized_types/error_range_sessionize_invalid_mode, specialized_types/generate_range_array_date, specialized_types/range_array_aggregate, specialized_types/range_contains_no, specialized_types/range_contains_yes, … (+21 more)
GEOGRAPHY	3	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / null×1	specialized_types/geography_column_basic, specialized_types/geography_column_insert, specialized_types/geography_column_select_filter
JSON	12	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×11 / null×1	routines_scripting/js_udf_json_roundtrip, specialized_types/st_asgeojson_in_parse_json_roundtrip, standard_functions/json_array_construct, standard_functions/json_array_insert_at_zero, standard_functions/json_array_insert_nested, … (+7 more)
ARRAY<T>	20	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×6 / null×1 / empty×13 / error×2	information_schema/is_columns_with_struct_field, rest_crud/dml_insert_array_value, routines_scripting/js_udf_array_to_array, routines_scripting/js_udf_returns_array_of_struct, routines_scripting/script_for_empty_array, … (+15 more)
STRUCT<...>	5	🟢 Covered	happy×4 / empty×1	information_schema/is_columns_with_struct_field, rest_crud/dml_insert_struct_value, routines_scripting/js_udf_returns_array_of_struct, routines_scripting/js_udf_struct_to_struct, routines_scripting/sql_udf_returns_struct

String functions

BigQuery reference -- 51 / 51 items covered

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
ASCII	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/str_ascii_basic
BYTE_LENGTH	3	🟢 Covered	unicode×3	standard_functions/unicode_byte_length_ascii, standard_functions/unicode_byte_length_cjk, standard_functions/unicode_byte_length_emoji
CHAR_LENGTH	3	🟢 Covered	happy×1 / unicode×2	standard_functions/str_char_length, standard_functions/unicode_cjk_char_length, standard_functions/unicode_combining_char_length
CHR	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/str_chr_basic
CODE_POINTS_TO_BYTES	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / empty×1	standard_functions/str_code_points_to_bytes_basic, standard_functions/str_code_points_to_bytes_empty
CODE_POINTS_TO_STRING	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/str_code_points_to_string
COLLATE	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / error×1	standard_functions/str_collate_binary, standard_functions/str_collate_undci
CONCAT	14	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×7 / null×2 / empty×3 / unicode×1 / error×1	rest_crud/dml_insert_select, rest_crud/select_string_concat_fn, routines_scripting/proc_call_empty_string, routines_scripting/proc_call_null_arg, routines_scripting/sql_udf_string_param, … (+9 more)
CONTAINS_SUBSTR	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/str_contains_substr
ENDS_WITH	5	🟢 Covered	happy×3 / null×1 / empty×1	standard_functions/str_ends_with, standard_functions/str_ends_with_empty, standard_functions/str_ends_with_no, standard_functions/str_ends_with_null, standard_functions/str_ends_with_yes
FORMAT	7	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×5 / null×1 / empty×1	standard_functions/str_format_empty_pattern, standard_functions/str_format_float, standard_functions/str_format_hex, standard_functions/str_format_int, standard_functions/str_format_null, … (+2 more)
FROM_BASE32	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/str_from_base32_basic, standard_functions/str_from_base32_padding
FROM_BASE64	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/str_from_base64
FROM_HEX	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	specialized_types/st_geogfromwkb_point, standard_functions/str_from_hex
INITCAP	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/str_initcap
INSTR	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/str_instr_one_arg, standard_functions/str_instr_three_arg
LEFT	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/str_left
LENGTH	8	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×2 / null×1 / empty×1 / unicode×4	standard_functions/bound_string_long, standard_functions/empty_string_length, standard_functions/null_length, standard_functions/str_length, standard_functions/str_normalize_nfd, … (+3 more)
LOWER	3	🟢 Covered	happy×1 / null×1 / unicode×1	standard_functions/null_lower, standard_functions/str_lower, standard_functions/unicode_diacritic_lower
LPAD	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / null×1	standard_functions/null_lpad, standard_functions/str_lpad
LTRIM	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/str_ltrim
NORMALIZE	2	🟡 Sampled	unicode×2	standard_functions/str_normalize_nfc, standard_functions/str_normalize_nfd
NORMALIZE_AND_CASEFOLD	1	🟡 Sampled	unicode×1	standard_functions/str_normalize_casefold
OCTET_LENGTH	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / unicode×1	standard_functions/str_octet_length_ascii, standard_functions/str_octet_length_utf8
REGEXP_CONTAINS	3	🟢 Covered	happy×1 / null×1 / unicode×1	standard_functions/null_regexp_contains, standard_functions/str_regexp_contains, standard_functions/unicode_regexp_unicode_class
REGEXP_EXTRACT	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / null×1	standard_functions/null_regexp_extract, standard_functions/str_regexp_extract
REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / empty×1	standard_functions/empty_string_regexp_split, standard_functions/str_regexp_extract_all
REGEXP_INSTR	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/str_regexp_instr
REGEXP_REPLACE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/str_regexp_replace
REGEXP_SUBSTR	3	🟢 Covered	happy×3	standard_functions/str_regexp_substr_basic, standard_functions/str_regexp_substr_group, standard_functions/str_regexp_substr_no_match
REPEAT	3	🟢 Covered	happy×3	standard_functions/bound_string_long, standard_functions/str_repeat, standard_functions/str_repeat_zero
REPLACE	4	🟢 Covered	happy×1 / null×1 / empty×2	standard_functions/null_replace, standard_functions/str_replace, standard_functions/str_replace_empty_target, standard_functions/str_replace_with_empty
REVERSE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/str_reverse
RIGHT	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/str_right
RPAD	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / null×1	standard_functions/null_rpad, standard_functions/str_rpad
RTRIM	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/str_rtrim
SAFE_CONVERT_BYTES_TO_STRING	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/str_from_base64, standard_functions/str_safe_convert_bytes_to_string
SOUNDEX	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / unicode×1	standard_functions/str_soundex_basic, standard_functions/str_soundex_nonascii
SPLIT	6	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×2 / null×1 / empty×2 / unicode×1	standard_functions/empty_string_split, standard_functions/null_split, standard_functions/str_split, standard_functions/str_split_empty_delim, standard_functions/str_split_limit, … (+1 more)
STARTS_WITH	3	🟢 Covered	happy×1 / null×1 / unicode×1	standard_functions/null_starts_with, standard_functions/str_starts_with, standard_functions/unicode_starts_with_cjk
STRPOS	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/str_strpos
SUBSTR	16	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×11 / null×1 / unicode×2 / error×2	partitioning_clustering/wildcard_groupby_suffix, standard_functions/error_safe_cast_no_swallow_when_invalid_signature, standard_functions/error_substr_wrong_arity, standard_functions/null_substr, standard_functions/str_substr_three_arg, … (+11 more)
SUBSTRING	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/str_substring_basic, standard_functions/str_substring_negative_offset
TO_BASE32	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / empty×1	standard_functions/str_to_base32_basic, standard_functions/str_to_base32_empty
TO_BASE64	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/str_from_hex, standard_functions/str_to_base64
TO_CODE_POINTS	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / unicode×1	standard_functions/str_string_to_code_points, standard_functions/unicode_to_code_points
TO_HEX	10	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×9 / empty×1	standard_functions/agg_hll_count_init_basic, standard_functions/agg_hll_count_merge_partial_basic, standard_functions/hash_md5, standard_functions/hash_sha1_basic, standard_functions/hash_sha256, … (+5 more)
TRANSLATE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/str_translate
TRIM	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / null×1	standard_functions/null_trim, standard_functions/str_trim
UNICODE	2	🟡 Sampled	unicode×2	standard_functions/str_unicode_ascii, standard_functions/str_unicode_codepoint
UPPER	8	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×3 / null×1 / empty×1 / unicode×3	routines_scripting/sql_udf_string_param, standard_functions/empty_string_upper, standard_functions/null_upper, standard_functions/str_upper, standard_functions/tpcds_q24, … (+3 more)

Numeric / math functions

BigQuery reference -- 47 / 47 items covered

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
ABS	6	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×1 / null×5	rest_crud/arith_abs, standard_functions/null_abs, standard_functions/tpcds_q47, standard_functions/tpcds_q53, standard_functions/tpcds_q57, … (+1 more)
ACOS	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/math_acos
ACOSH	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/math_acosh
ASIN	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/math_asin
ASINH	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/math_asinh
ATAN	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/math_atan
ATAN2	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/math_atan2
ATANH	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/math_atanh
CBRT	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/math_cbrt_negative, standard_functions/math_cbrt_positive
CEIL	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / null×1	standard_functions/null_ceil, standard_functions/num_ceil
CEILING	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/math_ceiling_basic, standard_functions/math_ceiling_negative
COS	4	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / unicode×2	specialized_types/spheroidal_distance_street_match, specialized_types/spheroidal_high_latitude_distance, standard_functions/math_cos, standard_functions/math_sec
COSH	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/math_cosh
COT	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/math_cot_basic, standard_functions/math_cot_negative
COTH	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/math_coth_basic, standard_functions/math_coth_negative
CSC	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/math_csc_basic, standard_functions/math_csc_negative
CSCH	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/math_csch_basic, standard_functions/math_csch_negative
DIV	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/math_div_int
EXP	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/num_exp, standard_functions/num_ln
FLOOR	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / null×1	standard_functions/null_floor, standard_functions/num_floor
GREATEST	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/num_greatest
IEEE_DIVIDE	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / bound×1	standard_functions/div_zero_ieee_divide_keeps_inf, standard_functions/math_ieee_divide
IS_INF	4	🟢 Covered	happy×1 / bound×3	standard_functions/bound_float64_is_inf_finite, standard_functions/bound_float64_isinf, standard_functions/div_zero_ieee_divide_keeps_inf, standard_functions/math_ieee_divide
IS_NAN	2	🟡 Sampled	bound×2	standard_functions/bound_float64_isnan, standard_functions/bound_log_negative_returns_nan
LEAST	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/num_least
LN	4	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / bound×1 / error×1	standard_functions/bound_log_negative_returns_nan, standard_functions/bound_neg_log_safe, standard_functions/div_zero_safe_swallows, standard_functions/num_ln
LOG	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/num_log_basex
LOG10	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / null×1	standard_functions/null_log, standard_functions/num_log10
MOD	10	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×8 / null×1 / bound×1	rest_crud/arith_mod, standard_functions/agg_grouping_cube, standard_functions/agg_grouping_rollup, standard_functions/agg_grouping_sets, standard_functions/agg_string_agg_distinct, … (+5 more)
POW	3	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / null×1	rest_crud/arith_pow, standard_functions/bound_pow_zero_zero, standard_functions/null_pow
POWER	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/math_power_basic, standard_functions/math_power_fractional
RAND (excluded — non-deterministic)	n/a	⚪ Excluded	n/a	see ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7
				Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 — RAND() is non-deterministic. The function is property-tested via Hypothesis (uniformity, range bounds).
RANGE_BUCKET	5	🟢 Covered	happy×3 / null×1 / empty×1	partitioning_clustering/partition_int_range, partitioning_clustering/partition_int_range_pruned, standard_functions/math_range_bucket, standard_functions/math_range_bucket_empty_bounds, standard_functions/math_range_bucket_null
ROUND	63	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×61 / null×2	standard_functions/agg_corr, standard_functions/agg_covar_pop, standard_functions/agg_covar_samp, standard_functions/agg_stddev_basic, standard_functions/agg_stddev_pop, … (+58 more)
SAFE_ADD	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / bound×1	standard_functions/bound_int64_overflow_safe, standard_functions/math_safe_add
SAFE_DIVIDE	7	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×5 / null×1 / bound×1	rest_crud/arith_div_safe, standard_functions/bound_zero_div_safe, standard_functions/bound_zero_div_safe_zero, standard_functions/math_div_safe, standard_functions/math_safe_divide_boundary, … (+2 more)
SAFE_MULTIPLY	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/math_safe_multiply
SAFE_NEGATE	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / bound×1	standard_functions/math_safe_negate, standard_functions/math_safe_negate_overflow
SAFE_SUBTRACT	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/math_safe_subtract
SEC	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/math_sec_basic, standard_functions/math_sec_negative
SECH	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/math_sech_basic, standard_functions/math_sech_negative
SIGN	5	🟢 Covered	happy×3 / null×1 / bound×1	standard_functions/math_sign_inf, standard_functions/math_sign_null, standard_functions/num_sign_neg, standard_functions/num_sign_pos, standard_functions/num_sign_zero
SIN	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/math_csc, standard_functions/math_sin
SINH	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/math_sinh
SQRT	4	🟢 Covered	happy×3 / null×1	routines_scripting/js_udf_uses_math, standard_functions/bound_neg_sqrt_safe, standard_functions/null_sqrt, standard_functions/num_sqrt
TAN	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/math_cot, standard_functions/math_tan
TANH	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/math_tanh
TRUNC	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/num_trunc

Date / time / timestamp / datetime functions

BigQuery reference -- 40 / 40 items covered

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
CURRENT_DATE (excluded — non-deterministic)	n/a	⚪ Excluded	n/a	see ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7
				Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7 — wall-clock dependent. Static-date queries are exercised indirectly via DATE_ADD/DATE_SUB fixtures.
CURRENT_DATETIME (excluded — non-deterministic)	n/a	⚪ Excluded	n/a	see ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7
				Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7 — wall-clock dependent.
CURRENT_TIME (excluded — non-deterministic)	n/a	⚪ Excluded	n/a	see ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7
				Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7 — wall-clock dependent.
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (excluded — non-deterministic)	n/a	⚪ Excluded	n/a	see ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7
				Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7 — wall-clock dependent. The function is exercised in unit / integration tiers where the harness pins time.
DATE	3	🟢 Covered	happy×3	standard_functions/dt_date_constructor, standard_functions/rw_daily_revenue, standard_functions/tpcds_q79
DATETIME	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / tz×1	standard_functions/dt_datetime_constructor, standard_functions/tz_datetime_from_timestamp_named_zone
DATE_ADD	12	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×8 / null×4	standard_functions/dt_date_add_day, standard_functions/null_date_add, standard_functions/tpcds_q12, standard_functions/tpcds_q16, standard_functions/tpcds_q20, … (+7 more)
DATE_DIFF	6	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×5 / null×1	specialized_types/date_diff_day, specialized_types/date_diff_month, specialized_types/date_diff_year, standard_functions/dt_date_diff_day, standard_functions/dt_date_diff_year, … (+1 more)
DATE_FROM_UNIX_DATE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/dt_date_from_unix_date
DATE_SUB	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / null×1	standard_functions/dt_date_sub_day, standard_functions/tpcds_q21
DATE_TRUNC	11	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×9 / null×1 / bound×1	partitioning_clustering/partition_month_basic, partitioning_clustering/partition_month_pruned, partitioning_clustering/partition_year_basic, partitioning_clustering/partition_year_pruned, standard_functions/dt_date_trunc_isoyear, … (+6 more)
DATETIME_ADD	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/dt_datetime_add
DATETIME_DIFF	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/dt_datetime_diff_hour, standard_functions/dt_datetime_diff_minute
DATETIME_SUB	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/dt_datetime_sub
DATETIME_TRUNC	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/dt_datetime_trunc, standard_functions/dt_datetime_trunc_day
EXTRACT	32	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×22 / null×1 / error×1 / tz×9	partitioning_clustering/partition_year_pruned, specialized_types/extract_day_from_interval, specialized_types/extract_hour_from_interval, specialized_types/extract_year_from_interval, specialized_types/interval_extract_microsecond, … (+27 more)
FORMAT_DATE	5	🟢 Covered	happy×3 / null×1 / bound×1	standard_functions/dt_format_date, standard_functions/dt_format_date_min, standard_functions/dt_format_date_null, standard_functions/dt_format_date_pct_a, standard_functions/dt_format_date_pct_b
FORMAT_DATETIME	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/dt_format_datetime_basic, standard_functions/dt_format_datetime_iso_week
FORMAT_TIME	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/dt_format_time_basic, standard_functions/dt_format_time_fractional
FORMAT_TIMESTAMP	3	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / tz×1	standard_functions/dt_format_timestamp, standard_functions/dt_format_timestamp_with_tz, standard_functions/tz_format_timestamp_named_zone
GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/arr_generate_date_array
GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY	3	🟢 Covered	happy×3	standard_functions/dt_generate_timestamp_array_basic, standard_functions/dt_generate_timestamp_array_descending, standard_functions/dt_generate_timestamp_array_step_minute
LAST_DAY	5	🟢 Covered	happy×3 / null×1 / bound×1	standard_functions/dt_last_day_min, standard_functions/dt_last_day_month, standard_functions/dt_last_day_null, standard_functions/dt_last_day_week, standard_functions/dt_last_day_year
PARSE_DATE	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/dt_parse_date, standard_functions/parse_date_format
PARSE_DATETIME	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/dt_parse_datetime_basic, standard_functions/dt_parse_datetime_iso
PARSE_TIME	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/parse_time_format
PARSE_TIMESTAMP	3	🟢 Covered	happy×1 / error×1 / tz×2	standard_functions/parse_timestamp_format, standard_functions/tz_parse_timestamp_with_named_zone, standard_functions/tz_parse_timestamp_with_offset
TIME	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/dt_time_constructor_hms, standard_functions/dt_time_from_timestamp
TIME_ADD	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/dt_time_add_basic, standard_functions/dt_time_add_wrap_midnight
TIME_DIFF	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/dt_time_diff_microsecond, standard_functions/dt_time_diff_seconds
TIME_SUB	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/dt_time_sub_basic, standard_functions/dt_time_sub_wrap_midnight
TIME_TRUNC	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/dt_time_trunc_hour, standard_functions/dt_time_trunc_minute
TIMESTAMP	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / tz×1	standard_functions/dt_timestamp_constructor, standard_functions/tz_timestamp_from_datetime_named_zone
TIMESTAMP_ADD	4	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / tz×2	specialized_types/interval_with_timestamp_add, standard_functions/dt_timestamp_add_seconds, standard_functions/tz_timestamp_add_across_dst_fall, standard_functions/tz_timestamp_add_across_dst_spring
TIMESTAMP_DIFF	7	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×5 / null×1 / tz×1	standard_functions/dt_timestamp_diff_hour, standard_functions/dt_timestamp_diff_millisecond, standard_functions/dt_timestamp_diff_minute, standard_functions/dt_timestamp_diff_seconds, standard_functions/rw_self_join_lag, … (+2 more)
TIMESTAMP_MICROS	1	🟡 Sampled	bound×1	standard_functions/dt_timestamp_micros
TIMESTAMP_MILLIS	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/dt_timestamp_millis
TIMESTAMP_SECONDS	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / tz×1	standard_functions/dt_timestamp_seconds, standard_functions/tz_timestamp_seconds_round_trip
TIMESTAMP_SUB	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/dt_timestamp_sub
TIMESTAMP_TRUNC	9	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×5 / null×1 / bound×1 / tz×2	partitioning_clustering/partition_hour_basic, partitioning_clustering/partition_hour_pruned, standard_functions/dt_timestamp_trunc_day, standard_functions/dt_timestamp_trunc_hour, standard_functions/dt_timestamp_trunc_min, … (+4 more)
UNIX_DATE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/dt_unix_date
UNIX_MICROS	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/dt_unix_micros
UNIX_MILLIS	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/dt_unix_millis
UNIX_SECONDS	3	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / tz×1	standard_functions/dt_unix_seconds, standard_functions/rw_window_range_between, standard_functions/tz_timestamp_seconds_round_trip

Aggregate functions

BigQuery reference -- 35 / 35 items covered

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
ANY_VALUE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_any_value
ARRAY_AGG	5	🟢 Covered	happy×3 / null×1 / empty×1	standard_functions/agg_array_agg, standard_functions/agg_array_agg_empty, standard_functions/agg_array_agg_ordered, standard_functions/rw_array_agg_ignore_nulls, standard_functions/rw_array_agg_with_filter
ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG	3	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / null×1	standard_functions/agg_array_concat_basic, standard_functions/agg_array_concat_ordered, standard_functions/agg_array_concat_with_null
AVG	29	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×22 / null×6 / empty×1	rest_crud/select_avg, row_access/rap_filter_with_subquery, standard_functions/agg_avg, standard_functions/agg_avg_empty, standard_functions/rw_window_rows_between, … (+24 more)
BIT_AND	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_bit_and
BIT_OR	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_bit_or
BIT_XOR	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_bit_xor
COUNT	85	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×64 / null×5 / empty×15 / bound×1	api_configuration/cache_disabled_with_count_distinct, api_configuration/job_timeout_exceeded, api_configuration/max_bytes_billed_exceeded, information_schema/is_partitions_empty_table, information_schema/is_schemata_empty_project, … (+80 more)
COUNTIF	5	🟢 Covered	happy×3 / null×2 / empty×1	rest_crud/select_count_if, standard_functions/agg_countif, standard_functions/agg_countif_empty, standard_functions/agg_countif_null_predicate, standard_functions/rw_funnel_conversion_pct
GROUPING	6	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×6	standard_functions/agg_grouping_func_cube, standard_functions/agg_grouping_func_rollup, standard_functions/tpcds_q27, standard_functions/tpcds_q36, standard_functions/tpcds_q70, … (+1 more)
LOGICAL_AND	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/agg_logical_and, standard_functions/agg_logical_and_mixed
LOGICAL_OR	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/agg_logical_or, standard_functions/agg_logical_or_mixed
MAX	9	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×3 / null×2 / empty×1 / bound×5	rest_crud/select_min_max, standard_functions/agg_max_empty, standard_functions/agg_max_null_col, standard_functions/agg_min_max, standard_functions/rw_correlated_subquery_max, … (+4 more)
MAX_BY	3	🟢 Covered	null×1 / bound×3	standard_functions/agg_max_by_basic, standard_functions/agg_max_by_grouped, standard_functions/agg_max_by_null_keys
MIN	7	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×5 / bound×2	rest_crud/select_min_max, standard_functions/agg_min_max, standard_functions/rw_cte_correlated, standard_functions/rw_first_seen_per_user, standard_functions/rw_funnel_first_event, … (+2 more)
MIN_BY	3	🟢 Covered	null×1 / bound×3	standard_functions/agg_min_by_basic, standard_functions/agg_min_by_grouped, standard_functions/agg_min_by_null_keys
STRING_AGG	5	🟢 Covered	happy×3 / empty×2	standard_functions/agg_string_agg_basic, standard_functions/agg_string_agg_distinct, standard_functions/agg_string_agg_empty, standard_functions/agg_string_agg_limit, standard_functions/agg_string_agg_separator
SUM	100	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×77 / null×18 / empty×3 / error×2	api_configuration/default_dataset_join_partial_qualification, api_configuration/dry_run_aggregate, rest_crud/cte_basic, rest_crud/select_sum, rest_crud/subquery_scalar, … (+95 more)
CORR	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_corr
COVAR_POP	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_covar_pop
COVAR_SAMP	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_covar_samp
STDDEV	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/agg_stddev_basic, standard_functions/agg_stddev_single
STDDEV_POP	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_stddev_pop
STDDEV_SAMP	3	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / null×1	standard_functions/agg_stddev_samp, standard_functions/tpcds_q17, standard_functions/tpcds_q39
VAR_POP	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_var_pop
VAR_SAMP	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_var_samp
VARIANCE	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/agg_variance_basic, standard_functions/agg_variance_single
APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_approx_count_distinct
APPROX_QUANTILES	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_approx_quantiles
APPROX_TOP_COUNT	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_approx_top_count
APPROX_TOP_SUM	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_approx_top_sum
HLL_COUNT.INIT	4	🟢 Covered	happy×4	standard_functions/agg_hll_count_extract_basic, standard_functions/agg_hll_count_init_basic, standard_functions/agg_hll_count_merge_basic, standard_functions/agg_hll_count_merge_partial_basic
HLL_COUNT.MERGE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_hll_count_merge_basic
HLL_COUNT.MERGE_PARTIAL	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_hll_count_merge_partial_basic
HLL_COUNT.EXTRACT	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_hll_count_extract_basic

Array functions

BigQuery reference -- 12 / 12 items covered

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
ARRAY	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/rw_array_filter, standard_functions/rw_array_subquery
ARRAY_CONCAT	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / empty×1	standard_functions/arr_concat, standard_functions/empty_array_concat
ARRAY_LENGTH	9	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×7 / empty×1 / unicode×1	specialized_types/st_dump_multipoint, standard_functions/agg_approx_top_count, standard_functions/agg_approx_top_sum, standard_functions/arr_length, standard_functions/bound_array_size_zero, … (+4 more)
ARRAY_REVERSE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/arr_reverse
ARRAY_TO_STRING	3	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / null×1	standard_functions/arr_to_string, standard_functions/arr_to_string_with_nulls, standard_functions/str_array_to_string
GENERATE_ARRAY	7	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×6 / bound×1	api_configuration/job_timeout_exceeded, api_configuration/max_bytes_billed_exceeded, partitioning_clustering/partition_int_range, partitioning_clustering/partition_int_range_pruned, standard_functions/arr_generate_array, … (+2 more)
ARRAY_FIRST	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / empty×1 / error×1	standard_functions/arr_first_basic, standard_functions/arr_first_empty
ARRAY_LAST	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / empty×1 / error×1	standard_functions/arr_last_basic, standard_functions/arr_last_empty
OFFSET	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/arr_offset
ORDINAL	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/arr_ordinal
SAFE_OFFSET	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/arr_safe_offset
SAFE_ORDINAL	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/arr_safe_ordinal_in_bounds, standard_functions/arr_safe_ordinal_oob

JSON functions

BigQuery reference -- 27 / 27 items covered

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
JSON_EXTRACT	3	🟢 Covered	happy×3	standard_functions/json_extract_arr, standard_functions/json_extract_obj, standard_functions/json_extract_str
JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR	3	🟢 Covered	happy×3	standard_functions/json_extract_scalar_boolean, standard_functions/json_extract_scalar_number, standard_functions/json_extract_scalar_string
JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/json_extract_array_basic, standard_functions/json_extract_array_objects
JSON_EXTRACT_STRING_ARRAY	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×1 / unicode×1	standard_functions/json_extract_string_array_basic, standard_functions/json_extract_string_array_unicode
JSON_QUERY	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/json_extract_path, standard_functions/json_query_basic
JSON_QUERY_ARRAY	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/json_query_array
JSON_VALUE	5	🟢 Covered	happy×4 / null×1	standard_functions/json_array_index, standard_functions/json_contains_path, standard_functions/json_extract_value, standard_functions/json_path_dot, standard_functions/json_value_basic
JSON_VALUE_ARRAY	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/json_value_array
JSON_TYPE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/json_type_object
JSON_OBJECT	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/json_object_construct
JSON_ARRAY	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/json_array_construct
JSON_ARRAY_INSERT	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/json_array_insert_at_zero, standard_functions/json_array_insert_nested
JSON_REMOVE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/json_remove
JSON_SET	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/json_set
JSON_STRIP_NULLS	1	🟡 Sampled	null×1	standard_functions/json_strip_nulls
JSON_KEYS	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/json_keys, standard_functions/json_size
PARSE_JSON	16	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×15 / null×1	specialized_types/st_asgeojson_in_parse_json_roundtrip, standard_functions/json_keys, standard_functions/json_lax_bool, standard_functions/json_lax_double, standard_functions/json_lax_int64, … (+11 more)
TO_JSON	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/json_to_json_array, standard_functions/json_to_json_struct
TO_JSON_STRING	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/json_concat, standard_functions/json_to_json_string
BOOL	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/json_value_bool_extractor
FLOAT64	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/json_value_float_extractor
INT64	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/json_value_int_extractor
STRING	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/json_value_string_extractor
LAX_BOOL	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/json_lax_bool
LAX_FLOAT64	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/json_lax_double
LAX_INT64	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/json_lax_int64
LAX_STRING	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/json_lax_string

GEOGRAPHY functions

BigQuery reference -- 46 / 47 items covered

Spheroidal-vs-planar divergences here are documented in ADR 0019 and out-of-scope.md (continental-scale comparisons are pinned as expected mismatches).

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
ST_GEOGPOINT	38	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×30 / null×1 / unicode×7	specialized_types/geography_column_basic, specialized_types/geography_column_select_filter, specialized_types/numeric_in_geog_predicate, specialized_types/spheroidal_buffer_neighborhood_match, specialized_types/spheroidal_buffer_state_xfail, … (+33 more)
ST_GEOGFROMTEXT	68	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×60 / empty×3 / bound×1 / unicode×4	specialized_types/geography_column_insert, specialized_types/spheroidal_area_city_match, specialized_types/spheroidal_area_neighborhood_match, specialized_types/spheroidal_area_state_xfail, specialized_types/spheroidal_length_city_match, … (+63 more)
ST_GEOGFROMGEOJSON	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_geogfromgeojson_point
ST_GEOGFROMWKB	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_geogfromwkb_point
ST_ASTEXT	17	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×17	specialized_types/geography_column_basic, specialized_types/spheroidal_buffer_neighborhood_match, specialized_types/spheroidal_buffer_state_xfail, specialized_types/spheroidal_buffer_street_match, specialized_types/st_astext_point, … (+12 more)
ST_ASGEOJSON	9	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×8 / empty×1	specialized_types/st_asgeojson_empty_point, specialized_types/st_asgeojson_geometrycollection, specialized_types/st_asgeojson_in_parse_json_roundtrip, specialized_types/st_asgeojson_linestring, specialized_types/st_asgeojson_multilinestring, … (+4 more)
ST_ASBINARY	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_asbinary_point
ST_BOUNDARY	1	🟡 Sampled	bound×1	specialized_types/st_boundary_polygon
ST_CENTROID	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_centroid_polygon
ST_CLOSESTPOINT	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_closestpoint_basic
ST_CLUSTERDBSCAN	0	🔴 Uncovered	—	gap
ST_CONVEXHULL	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_convexhull_points
ST_DIFFERENCE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_difference_planar
ST_DUMP	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_dump_multipoint
ST_DWITHIN	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	specialized_types/st_dwithin_no, specialized_types/st_dwithin_yes
ST_DIMENSION	6	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×6	specialized_types/st_dimension_line, specialized_types/st_dimension_point, specialized_types/st_dimension_polygon, specialized_types/st_geogfromtext_multilinestring, specialized_types/st_geogfromtext_multipolygon, … (+1 more)
ST_DISJOINT	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	specialized_types/st_disjoint_no, specialized_types/st_disjoint_yes
ST_DISTANCE	8	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×1 / unicode×7	specialized_types/spheroidal_distance_city_match, specialized_types/spheroidal_distance_metro_close_or_xfail, specialized_types/spheroidal_distance_national_xfail, specialized_types/spheroidal_distance_neighborhood_match, specialized_types/spheroidal_distance_state_xfail, … (+3 more)
ST_EQUALS	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_equals_basic
ST_INTERSECTION	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_intersection_polygons
ST_INTERSECTS	3	🟢 Covered	happy×3	specialized_types/numeric_in_geog_predicate, specialized_types/st_intersects_no, specialized_types/st_intersects_yes
ST_INTERSECTSBOX	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	specialized_types/st_intersectsbox_no, specialized_types/st_intersectsbox_yes
ST_ISCLOSED	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_isclosed_closed
ST_ISCOLLECTION	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	specialized_types/st_geogfromtext_collection, specialized_types/st_isclosed_line
ST_ISEMPTY	2	🟡 Sampled	empty×2	specialized_types/st_isempty_no, specialized_types/st_isempty_yes
ST_ISRING	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_isring_basic
ST_LENGTH	3	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / unicode×1	specialized_types/spheroidal_length_city_match, specialized_types/spheroidal_length_state_xfail, specialized_types/st_length_continental
ST_MAKELINE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_makeline_basic
ST_MAKEPOLYGON	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_makepolygon_basic
ST_MAKEPOLYGONORIENTED	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_makepolygonoriented_basic
ST_MAXDISTANCE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_maxdistance_basic
ST_NPOINTS	7	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×7	specialized_types/st_endpoint_line, specialized_types/st_geogfromtext_multipoint, specialized_types/st_isring_line, specialized_types/st_makeline_basic, specialized_types/st_npoints_line, … (+2 more)
ST_PERIMETER	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_perimeter_continental
ST_POINTN	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_pointn_first
ST_SIMPLIFY	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_simplify_planar
ST_SNAPTOGRID	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_snaptogrid_basic
ST_TOUCHES	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	specialized_types/st_touches_no, specialized_types/st_touches_yes
ST_UNION	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_union_points
ST_UNION_AGG	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_union_agg_basic
ST_WITHIN	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	specialized_types/st_within_no, specialized_types/st_within_yes
ST_X	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_x_basic
ST_Y	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_y_basic
ST_AREA	4	🟢 Covered	happy×1 / unicode×3	specialized_types/spheroidal_area_city_match, specialized_types/spheroidal_area_neighborhood_match, specialized_types/spheroidal_area_state_xfail, specialized_types/st_area_continental
ST_BUFFER	4	🟢 Covered	happy×4	specialized_types/spheroidal_buffer_neighborhood_match, specialized_types/spheroidal_buffer_state_xfail, specialized_types/spheroidal_buffer_street_match, specialized_types/st_buffer_continental
ST_CONTAINS	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	specialized_types/st_contains_no, specialized_types/st_contains_yes
ST_COVERS	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_covers_yes
ST_COVEREDBY	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/st_coveredby_yes

Conversion / type functions

BigQuery reference -- 4 / 4 items covered

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
CAST	91	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×15 / null×61 / empty×10 / bound×7 / error×4	api_configuration/schema_update_relaxation_rejected_without_option, api_configuration/schema_update_relaxation_required_to_nullable, api_configuration/use_query_cache_disabled, rest_crud/cmp_is_null, rest_crud/coalesce_basic, … (+86 more)
SAFE_CAST	3	🟢 Covered	happy×1 / null×1 / bound×1	standard_functions/bound_log_negative_returns_nan, standard_functions/null_safe_cast_str_int, standard_functions/safe_cast_invalid
PARSE_NUMERIC	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/parse_numeric_basic
PARSE_BIGNUMERIC	1	🟡 Sampled	bound×1	standard_functions/parse_bignumeric_basic

Conditional functions

BigQuery reference -- 4 / 4 items covered

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
COALESCE	8	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×5 / null×3	rest_crud/coalesce_basic, rest_crud/join_right_three_way, standard_functions/null_coalesce_all, standard_functions/tpcds_q49, standard_functions/tpcds_q67, … (+3 more)
IF	4	🟢 Covered	happy×1 / null×3	rest_crud/if_expr, standard_functions/null_if_branch, standard_functions/rw_array_agg_ignore_nulls, standard_functions/rw_session_count
IFNULL	6	🟢🟢 Deep	null×5 / empty×1	rest_crud/ifnull_basic, routines_scripting/proc_call_null_arg, routines_scripting/proc_with_null_default, routines_scripting/tvf_with_null_input, standard_functions/empty_array_aggsum, … (+1 more)
NULLIF	3	🟢 Covered	null×3	rest_crud/nullif_eq, rest_crud/nullif_neq, standard_functions/null_nullif_passthrough

Hash / security functions

BigQuery reference -- 5 / 5 items covered

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
FARM_FINGERPRINT	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/hash_farm_fingerprint, standard_functions/math_rand_ish_deterministic
MD5	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/hash_md5, standard_functions/hash_to_hex_md5
SHA1	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/hash_sha1_basic
SHA256	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/hash_sha256
SHA512	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/hash_sha512_basic
SESSION_USER (excluded — non-deterministic)	n/a	⚪ Excluded	n/a	see ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7
				Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 — session-state dependent. Exercised at the unit, integration, and e2e × 4 client tiers (ADR 0038); Storage Read row_restriction caller-threading closed in ADR 0040.
CURRENT_USER (excluded — non-deterministic)	n/a	⚪ Excluded	n/a	see ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7
				Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 — co-equal alias for SESSION_USER per BigQuery's reference. Exercised at the unit and e2e × 4 client tiers; same resolution path as SESSION_USER (ADR 0040).
GENERATE_UUID (excluded — non-deterministic)	n/a	⚪ Excluded	n/a	see ADR 0022 §1.2 / §7
				Excluded from the conformance corpus by ADR 0022 §1.2 — non-deterministic. Property-tested via Hypothesis for shape / uniqueness.

Window / navigation functions

BigQuery reference -- 13 / 13 items covered

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
ROW_NUMBER	6	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×5 / empty×1	rest_crud/win_row_number, standard_functions/rw_distinct_on, standard_functions/rw_qualify_basic, standard_functions/rw_qualify_top_n, standard_functions/rw_window_row_number, … (+1 more)
RANK	11	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×8 / null×3	rest_crud/win_rank, standard_functions/rw_double_cte, standard_functions/rw_top_event_type, standard_functions/tpcds_q36, standard_functions/tpcds_q44, … (+6 more)
DENSE_RANK	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	rest_crud/win_dense_rank
PERCENT_RANK	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/rw_window_percent_rank
CUME_DIST	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/rw_window_cume_dist
NTILE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/rw_window_ntile
LAG	4	🟢 Covered	happy×3 / null×1	rest_crud/win_lag, standard_functions/rw_purchase_following_view, standard_functions/rw_self_join_lag, standard_functions/rw_session_count
LEAD	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	rest_crud/win_lead
FIRST_VALUE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/rw_window_first_value
LAST_VALUE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/rw_window_last_value
NTH_VALUE	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/rw_window_nth_value_2
PERCENTILE_CONT	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	standard_functions/agg_percentile_cont_50, standard_functions/agg_percentile_cont_95
PERCENTILE_DISC	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	standard_functions/agg_percentile_disc_50

INTERVAL / RANGE functions

BigQuery reference -- 12 / 12 items covered

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
JUSTIFY_DAYS	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/justify_days_basic
JUSTIFY_HOURS	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/justify_hours_basic
JUSTIFY_INTERVAL	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/justify_interval_basic
MAKE_INTERVAL	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/make_interval_basic
RANGE	7	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×6 / null×1	specialized_types/range_constructor_basic, specialized_types/range_end_basic, specialized_types/range_start_basic, standard_functions/tpcds_q34, standard_functions/tpcds_q37, … (+2 more)
RANGE_CONTAINS	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	specialized_types/range_contains_no, specialized_types/range_contains_yes
RANGE_END	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/range_end_basic
RANGE_INTERSECT	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/range_intersect_basic
RANGE_OVERLAPS	3	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / empty×1	specialized_types/range_intersects_empty, specialized_types/range_overlaps_no, specialized_types/range_overlaps_yes
RANGE_SESSIONIZE	12	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×8 / null×1 / empty×1 / error×2	specialized_types/error_range_sessionize_invalid_mode, specialized_types/range_sessionize_basic, specialized_types/range_sessionize_datetime_element, specialized_types/range_sessionize_empty_input, specialized_types/range_sessionize_grouped, … (+7 more)
RANGE_START	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/range_start_basic
GENERATE_RANGE_ARRAY	1	🟡 Sampled	happy×1	specialized_types/generate_range_array_date

INFORMATION_SCHEMA virtual views

BigQuery reference -- 6 / 6 items covered

BigQuery's INFORMATION_SCHEMA family of virtual tables. The emulator's pre-translation rewriter materialises each view as an inline VALUES subquery sourced from the catalog: SCHEMATA, TABLES, COLUMNS, TABLE_OPTIONS, VIEWS, PARTITIONS, ROUTINES, MATERIALIZED_VIEWS, ROW_ACCESS_POLICIES. The JOBS/JOBS_BY_* family is permanently out of scope — see out-of-scope.md#information_schemajobs-family.

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA	3	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / empty×1	information_schema/is_schemata_basic, information_schema/is_schemata_empty_project, information_schema/is_schemata_with_filter
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES	3	🟢 Covered	happy×3	information_schema/is_tables_basic, information_schema/is_tables_filter_by_type, information_schema/is_tables_select_specific_columns
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS	3	🟢 Covered	happy×3	information_schema/is_columns_basic, information_schema/is_columns_partitioning_column, information_schema/is_columns_with_struct_field
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_OPTIONS	3	🟢 Covered	happy×3	information_schema/is_table_options_basic, information_schema/is_table_options_description, information_schema/is_table_options_partition_filter
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS	3	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / empty×1	information_schema/is_views_basic, information_schema/is_views_empty_dataset, information_schema/is_views_with_definition
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS	3	🟢 Covered	happy×2 / empty×1	information_schema/is_partitions_basic, information_schema/is_partitions_empty_table, information_schema/is_partitions_ingestion_time

REST / wire-format response shapes

BigQuery reference -- 8 / 8 items covered

Shape-level concerns about the JSON BigQuery returns. The conformance corpus diffs schema + rows against recorded baselines, so these items are exercised indirectly by every fixture; depth here measures coverage of unusual shapes (REPEATED, nested STRUCT, NULL representations).

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
REPEATED mode schema field	20	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×6 / null×1 / empty×13 / error×2	information_schema/is_columns_with_struct_field, rest_crud/dml_insert_array_value, routines_scripting/js_udf_array_to_array, routines_scripting/js_udf_returns_array_of_struct, routines_scripting/script_for_empty_array, … (+15 more)
				REPEATED is the wire form of ARRAY.
Nested RECORD/STRUCT schema field	5	🟢 Covered	happy×4 / empty×1	information_schema/is_columns_with_struct_field, rest_crud/dml_insert_struct_value, routines_scripting/js_udf_returns_array_of_struct, routines_scripting/js_udf_struct_to_struct, routines_scripting/sql_udf_returns_struct
NULL in row payload	204	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×43 / null×107 / empty×10 / bound×10 / error×45 / tz×2	api_configuration/create_never_missing_destination, api_configuration/create_never_with_append, api_configuration/create_never_with_truncate, api_configuration/dest_clustering_fields_invalid_column, api_configuration/dest_time_partitioning_invalid_field, … (+199 more)
Named queryParameters (mode="named")	11	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×10 / null×1	api_configuration/dml_insert_with_parameters, rest_crud/param_named_array_int64, rest_crud/param_named_date_scalar, rest_crud/param_named_int64_scalar, rest_crud/param_named_nullable_with_null, … (+6 more)
				Parameter-bound queries via QueryJobConfig.query_parameters. Detected by the parameters.json fixture file.
Positional queryParameters (mode="positional")	10	🟢🟢 Deep	happy×8 / null×2	api_configuration/positional_array_int64, api_configuration/positional_multi_param, api_configuration/positional_null_bound_string, api_configuration/positional_parameter_int64, api_configuration/positional_struct_basic, … (+5 more)
				Parameter-bound queries via QueryJobConfig.query_parameters using ? placeholders. Detected by parameters.json.
ARRAY queryParameter	3	🟢 Covered	happy×3	api_configuration/positional_array_int64, rest_crud/param_named_array_int64, rest_crud/param_positional_array
				arrayType parameter shape. Detected by parameters.json carrying an ARRAY type spec.
STRUCT queryParameter	2	🟡 Sampled	happy×2	api_configuration/positional_struct_basic, rest_crud/param_named_struct
				structTypes parameter shape. Detected by parameters.json carrying a STRUCT type spec.
NULL-valued queryParameter	3	🟢 Covered	null×3	api_configuration/positional_null_bound_string, rest_crud/param_named_nullable_with_null, rest_crud/param_positional_null
				A typed parameter with no value — exercises BQ's typed-NULL binding. Emulator wraps with CAST(? AS T) to preserve the declared type through the schema renderer.

Error response parity

BigQuery reference -- 4 / 4 items covered

Recorded error envelopes (error.reason / http_status / message_pattern). Coverage lives in recorded error.json fixtures.

Item	Count	Tier	Variation	Fixtures
reason=invalid (syntax / argument)	7	🟢🟢 Deep	null×1 / error×7	api_configuration/dest_clustering_fields_invalid_column, api_configuration/dest_time_partitioning_invalid_field, api_configuration/schema_update_addition_with_truncate, api_configuration/schema_update_relaxation_required_to_nullable, api_configuration/session_invalid_session_id, … (+2 more)
reason=notFound	8	🟢🟢 Deep	error×8	api_configuration/create_never_missing_destination, api_configuration/create_never_with_append, api_configuration/create_never_with_truncate, rest_crud/error_alter_nonexistent_table, rest_crud/error_dataset_not_found, … (+3 more)
reason=duplicate (already exists)	1	🟡 Sampled	error×1	rest_crud/error_create_table_already_exists
reason=accessDenied	1	🟡 Sampled	error×1	rest_crud/error_invalid_project_format

See also

• ADR 0022 -- Conformance corpus design -- what makes a fixture qualify.
• ADR 0023 -- Conformance divergence baseline -- how divergent fixtures are pinned.
• Conformance corpus README -- fixture authoring contract.